The Death Of Alzheimer s Brain - 1382 Words

Introduction: - Lost keys, an overlooked name, requiring an additional minute to recall where you stopped your auto. No doubt we re talking average absentmindedness or simply ordinary age-related changes, not Alzheimer s ailment. In any case, when you start battling with errands that have dependably been simple (e.g., abruptly not having the capacity to adjust the checkbook) that is more reason for concernsaid by Nancy Udelson. Despite the way that 5.1 million individuals age 65 and more seasoned are as of now influenced by Alzheimer s, it is not a typical some portion of maturing (however the danger rises with age). It is a dynamic issue that assaults the cerebrum s nerve cells, clarifies Ditty Steinberg, the official VP of the Alzheimer s Establishment of America. The brains of individuals who have Alzheimer s are stopped up with injuries that conform to the outside of neurons, eventually annihilating these mind cells. As the person born after WW2 populace gets more established, the rate of Alzh eimer s is anticipated to blast, influencing upwards of 16 million individuals by 2050, unless therapeutic achievements distinguish approaches to forestall or all the more viably treat the illness. In the event that you have relatives who have experienced Alzheimer s, you may think about whether you re at higher danger, however just the early onset type of the malady (which influences individuals more youthful than 65 and records for under 5 percent of all cases)Show MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease, Or Senile Dementia1715 Words   |  7 Pages Alzheimer s disease, or senile dementia, is a form of dementia that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Brain cells and their connections are killed, and this is what causes people s brain functions to fail. Scientist have yet to know what causes Alzheimer s, but have discovered that age, family history, and genes contribute to developing the disease. Symptoms experienced by people with Alzheimer s are poor judgement, poor decision making, inability to manage a budget, losing track of theRead MoreEarly Onset Of Alzheimer s Disease1742 Words   |  7 Pagescommon form of dementia is Alzheimer s. Alzheimer s disease literally eats and attacks the human brain (Overview). It is a progressive disease that causes the brain cells to degenerate and die, which causes memory loss and affects other important mental functions (Mayo). Today in America, over five million Americans are living with Alzheimer s disease and someone develops Alzheimer s disease every 67 seconds in the United Sta tes. (Overview). A form of Alzheimer s diseases is early onset. EarlyRead MoreAlzheimer s Is The Greatest Known Risk Factor For The Individuals Ages919 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer s is a degenerative disease of the brain that causes dementia, which is a gradual loss of memory, judgment, and ability to function. It is the most common form of dementia, and may hinder an individual s performance of daily function. Sixty to eighty percent of dementia cases are caused by Alzheimer s. This disease is considered to be the greatest known risk factor for the individuals ages sixty and older. Most of the population affected by the disease with noticeable symptoms areRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive Disease1663 Words   |  7 Pages15:06 Alzheimer s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. At first, someone with Alzheimer s disease may notice mild confusion and difficulty remembering. Eventually, people with the disease may even forget important people in their lives and undergo dramatic personality changes. Alzheimer s disease is the most common cause of dementia — a group of brain disorders that cause the loss of intellectual and social skills. In Alzheimer s diseaseRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease930 Words   |  4 Pagesnatural for some memories to fade. Loss of memories and brain function deficits that occur and are not from normal aging may indicate a person is suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease. With an aging population, Alzheimer’s is bcoming increasingly prevalent; causes, symptoms, and treatment are being researched even more the information being discovered is beginning to solve the mystery. Alzheimer s Disease was first discovered in the early 1900’s by a German psychiatrist. The disease was named after theRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive Decline1240 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a progressive decline in cognitive function. It affects the brain by damaging brain cells resulting in a decreased in cognitive function, physical mobility, swallowing and fine motor skills. This disease approximately 5.1 million Americans aged sixty-five or older (Alzheimer s Association, 2015) of which approximately 700,000 will likely die this year (Alzheimer s Association, 2015) of related symptoms such as aspiration pneumonia due to decreased swallowing ability. TheRead MoreThe Mystery Of Alzheimer s Disease1537 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is Ultimately fatal. Medical Definition. Alzheimer s disease is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain s nerve cells, or neurons, resulting in loss of memory, thinking and language skills, and behavioral changes. These neurons, which produce the brain chemical, or neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, break connections with other nerve cells and ultimately die. For example, short-term memory fails when Alzheimer s disease first destroys nerve cells in the hippocampusRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is The Most Common Form Of Dementia1086 Words   |  5 Pagesis? Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, and the fifth leading cause of death in ages 65 and older. â€Å"2010 Alzheimer s Disease Facts and Figures. Rep. Vol. 6. Chicago: Alzheimer s Association, 2010. Print. Alzheimer s and Dementia.† This disease is the deterioration of the brain that can, and probably will lead to brain loss that cannot be reversed. It is a very slow decline that can last years. Alzheimer’s usuallyRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1421 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction A brain deteriorates, slowly being engulfed by a mysterious disease. The neurons being cut off and destroyed by two abnormal structures. First memory is affected gradually getting worse. Then one is unable to think properly, reason, and lacks of self control. Gaps are formed in the brain s ventricles, due to the amount of dead tissue. In the end, it will lead to death. All of this may sound like something from a science fiction movie but infact its very real. These are all known possibleRead MoreAlzheimers Disease : My Grandmas Killer1510 Words   |  7 PagesDisease (AD) is characterized by gradual cognitive decline that beings with the inability to create recent memories or thoughts which then proceeds to influencing all intellectual functions (Mayeux Stern, 2012) . Alzheimer’s disease leads to premature death and the dependence of someone for daily life functions. (Mayeux Stern, 2012) If effects an estimated 5.5 million people in the United States and 24 million people w orldwide (Mayeux Stern, 2012). The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is rising in

Yale Kamisar uses the term “heater cases” Free Essays

Question One Yale Kamisar uses the term â€Å"heater cases† in his article In Defense of the Exclusionary Rule.   Unfamiliar with the term, it was researched and determined to be a phrase used to refer to cases that are so controversial or unpopular that they are the subject of both media and public attention. (Bogira, 2005)   Author Steve Bogira provides one example of a heater case. We will write a custom essay sample on Yale Kamisar uses the term â€Å"heater cases† or any similar topic only for you Order Now    It is referred to as the Bridgeport case and involved the trial of three white men who had brutally beaten a 13-year old black male.   It was alleged that the reason for the beating was to convey the message that the black boy would not be tolerated in the white neighbourhood. (Bogira, 2005) Kamisar describes the heater case’s impact on the exclusionary rule. According to Kamisar, should a defendant escape conviction because the exclusionary rule prevents the admission of evidence crucial to a conviction.   Such a scenario has the potential to inflame public passions with the result that the judge is under pressure to allow the evidence notwithstanding the illegal method employed to seize it and will â€Å"find a way† to admit it. (Kamisar, 2003, 119-140) Question Two Kamisar does not refute each of Judge Calabresi’s arguments as to why the exclusionary rule should be abolished.   He agrees in principle that many of the alternative remedies are ineffective, such as the remedies in criminal sanctions and civil complaints. (Kamisar, 2003, 119-140)   Kamisar takes issue with Calabresi’s suggestions that the exclusionary rule could be effectively replaced by the introduction of a points system following conviction with a view to lightening the sentence imposed and the institution of some penalty with respect to the offending police officer. (Calabresi, 2003, 111-118) Kamisar rejects these suggestions noting that with respect to the imposition of a points system which would effectively reduce the sentence would have no impact on police conduct. (Kamisar, 2003, 119-140)   This is so because police care about convictions and the negative fallout should a suspect escape conviction.   Therefore any alternative to the exclusionary rule that does not impact upon conviction will not act as an incentive for police to conduct orthodox investigations. (Kamisar, 2003, 119-140) Moreover, Kamisar argues that Calabresi’s proposal for a sanctions hearing in respect of police officers who allegedly acting illegally in obtaining evidence is fraught by the same difficulties that impact upon civil or criminal remedies. (Kamisar, 2003, 119-140)   The entire case will either stand or fall upon the credibility of the accused person, which as Kamisar argues is tenuous at best particularly following a conviction. (Kamisar, 2003, 119-140) Question Three Yale Kamisar primarily relies on balancing two conflicting policy issues in his article â€Å"In Defense of the Exclusionary Rule.†Ã‚   The first policy consideration is the need to allay the general public’s fear of crime and the second policy consideration is the need to protect suspects from police abuse of constitutionally protected rights, particularly the fourth amendment right to privacy and due process as contained in the fourteenth amendment. (Kamisar, 2003, 119-140) In determining the value of the exclusionary rule Kamisar considers the impact of its abrogation on both policies.   He submits that its abolition would result in defeating constitutional rights since alternatives to the exclusionary rules are ineffective.   He goes on to argue that although the exclusionary rule does not entirely protect constitutional rights against police misconduct, it is the only feasible remedy available since police do care about convictions. The likelihood of the exclusionary rule setting a suspect free is more likely to deter police misconduct than not. Since judges are always mindful of the consequences of allowing a serious criminal to escape conviction, the exclusionary rule will not undermine public policies with respect to getting tough on crime.   In other words, the exclusionary rule is the best method for balancing policies against criminal conduct and safeguarding the constitutional rights of an accused person. Question Four Yale Kamisar’s arguments for the retention of the exclusionary rule has substantial merit.   If police conduct hinges entirely on the desire to obtain convictions and drives the police officer to offend constitutional rights, it logically follows that if evidence obtained in that manner is excluded police would be less likely to infringe upon constitutional rights. Kasimar readily admits that the exclusionary rule is not perfect, but it is the best police regulatory method available.(Kamisar, 2003, 119-140) Arguments that serious criminals escape conviction as a result of the exclusionary rule are not supported by empirical research studies.   (Kamisar, 2003, 119-140)   More importantly, judges can be trusted to exercise their discretion properly and fairly with respect to the exclusionary rule.   Those who argue against the effectiveness of the exclusionary rule fail to take account of the experience and intelligence that judges manifest in criminal trials.   It is highly unlikely that a judge will permit either a police officer or a criminal to manipulate his discretion.   He is more likely than not err on the side of caution. Bibliography Bogira, Steve. (2005) Courtroom 302. New York, Alfred A. Knopf. Calabresi, Guido. (2003) â€Å"The Exclusionary Rule.† Harvard Law Journal and Public Policy. Vol. 26, 111-118 Kamisar, Yale. (2003) â€Å"In Defense of the Exclusionary Rule.† Harvard Law Journal and Public Policy. Vol. 26, 119-140 How to cite Yale Kamisar uses the term â€Å"heater cases†, Essay examples

An introduction to management science quantitative - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the An introduction to management science quantitative. Answer: Introduction: The case is all about the budgeted revenue of Hawthorn Leisure Works (HLW). Hawthorn Leisure Works (HLW) is a fitness centre which also have some space for sports activities they have a tennis court in that space. HLW want to change their revenue structure and for that they want to have a brief analysis between their old and new plan. The old plan of HLW comprised of membership fee and the court fee which is to be paid by the members on the basis of the usage of the court. This task is about the budgeted forecast of revenue of HLW. Budgeting is to be done by the companies to know about the future prospects from the planning of the management or by the implementation of any new plan by them (Anderson, Sweeney, Williams, Camm and Cochran, 2015). Budgets are all based on the past years figures and planning and forecasting which is done by the top management people. Budget estimates the future upcoming things of the companies (Braun, Tietz, Harrison, Bamber and Horngren, 2014). In the present case there are total 2000 members out of them only 70% members want to continue their membership in the plan. They also have some promotional Discounts for their members if they agree to pay the annual membership fee in lump sum amount. Out of those 2000 members 45% members agree to pay the promotional discount. We need to analyse the revenue from old plan and from the new plan. The new plan consists of only membership fee unlike the old plan there is no court fee. The table below is the brief description of the old plan as well as the statement of revenue from the old plan: Annual Membership Fees(Old Plan) Individual $ 45.00 Student $ 30.00 Family $ 100.00 Total Members 2000 Family 1000 Individual 500 Student 500 Peak Tennis Season October to April Court fees Days 181 Capacity (5pm to 9pm) 90%-100% $12 per hour Capacity(9am to 4pm) 50%-60% $8 per hour Off season May to September Days 184 Court Usage(Capacity) 20%-40% $ 6 per hour No. of Courts 10 Court Hours (per day) 12 Old Plan( Revenue) Amount ($) Membership Fees Individual 22500 Student 15000 Family 100000 Court Fees Peak Season 5pm-9pm ($ 12 per hour) 86880 9am-4pm ($ 8 per hour) 69504 Off Season ($ 6 per hour) 52992 Total Revenue 346876 Revenue under New Plan: In this part we need to present the revenues that HWL will earn with the implementation of its new plan. The members who are planning to continue the membership under the new plan are 70% of 2000 that is 1400 and out these 1400 members 45% members are willing to take the promotional offer given by HLW that is they will pay the annual membership fee in the advance for the whole year (Weygandt, Kimmel and Kieso, 2015). The table below presents the new plan of membership fee and the revenue under the new plan: New Plan (Annual Membership Fees) Non Promotional (for complete year) Amount ($) Individual 300 Family 500 Promotional( for complete year) Individual 250 Family 450 New Plan (Revenue) Amount ($) Membership Fees Normal Offer Individual 75000 Family 125000 Promotional Offer Individual 112500 Family 202500 Total Revenue 515000 The above table explains that the revenue from new plan is $ 515000 and the no. of members declined from 2000 to 1400. Still the revenue from the new plan increased in comparison to old plan. Comparison Between new and old plan The changes in the fee structure had some effect on the revenues of HLW but the effect is on the positive side (Edmonds, Edmonds, Tsay and Olds 2016). The revenue from the old plan and new plan are depicted below as we made a comparative analysis of both the old and the new plan: Old Plan( Revenue) Amount ($) Membership Fees Individual 22500 Student 15000 Family 100000 Court Fees Peak Season 5pm-9pm ($ 12 per hour) 86880 9am-4pm ($ 8 per hour) 69504 Off Season ($ 6 per hour) 52992 Total Revenue 346876 New Plan (Revenue) Amount ($) Membership Fees Normal Offer Individual 75000 Family 125000 Promotional Offer Individual 112500 Family 202500 Total Revenue 515000 The above table clearly shows that the revenue under the new plan is much higher than the old plan and there is considerable increase in the revenue under the new plan as compared to the revenue under the old plan (Hawkins, 2015). The assumption made by us is regarding the consumption of court capacity. We had taken the upper range of the court consumption at the time of calculation of court fee. For the calculation of court fee either we need to take the upper range or the lower range or the average of the consumption rate. Choice between old and new plan This analysis is completely based on the decision making that is either to implement the new plan or to continue with the new plan of HLW. The revenue under the old plan is calculated by membership fee and court fee and the revenue under the new plan is comprised of only membership fee. The revenue that we get from the old plan was $ 323492 and the revenue under the new plan is $ 515000. We can conclude that the revenue from the new plan is much higher than the revenue from the old plan. Hence we can conclude that it will be better off for the company to accept the new plan. The key factor we did considered before taking the decision to implement the new plan are: The fall in no. of members with the implementation of the new plan. The increase in membership fee per member. The reduction in the membership with the discontinuance of the court fee. Conclusion: We should implement the new plan as the revenue from the new plan are higher than the old plan. References: Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2015. An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Braun, K.W., Tietz, W.M., Harrison, W.T., Bamber, L.S. and Horngren, C.T., 2014. Managerial accounting. Pearson. Edmonds, T.P., Edmonds, C.D., Tsay, B.Y. and Olds, P.R., 2016. Fundamental managerial accounting concepts. McGraw-Hill Education. Hawkins, A., 2015. Managing budgets pocketbook. Management Pocketbooks. Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E., 2015. Financial Managerial Accounting. John Wiley Sons

What are the world’s most Important Population problems an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

What are the world’s most Important Population problems? Over two hundred years ago, Thomas Malthus predicted doom if human population continued to rise unabated. Though humanity is not likely to end soon, adverse effects have already began to be felt and if the situation remains unchecked, it will lead to catastrophic experiences that will are likely to make life unbearable. The issue of the rise in human population has continued to hit the global headlines for long with debates being on the increase whether the world's capacity is being stretched beyond its elasticity point. An in-depth look at the impact of overpopulation indicates that it has led to a number of problems among them being environmental pollution and resources depletion. Need essay sample on "What are the worlds most Important Population problems?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Questions have raged for long whether it is over population that has led to the depletion of resources or whether it is man's irresponsibility. Though to blame depletion of resources wholly on overpopulation is an oversimplification, increased human population has indeed led to increased consumption and exploitation of the natural resources. An increase in population means increased demand for resources, and as these vital resources are in an inelastic supply; an exponential increase in the population hence strains the supply. Water, energy and land resources available in the planet are being strained by the increased population. As a number of scientists have observed, the increased demand placed on the earth has far outstretched the available resources. With overpopulation, water and food have diminished. Though there exist arguments to the contrary with some scholars claiming that the existing food is sufficient to meet the existing demands, it is more than apparent that the level is not sustainable. A look at the third world countries indicates they are the most affected. College Students Often Tell EssayLab writers: How much do I have to pay someone to make my essay today? Essay writer professionals suggest: Entrust Your Essay Paper To Us And Get A+ Online Essay Writing Company Best Essay Writing Service Review College Essay Writing Service Top Essay Writing The existing statistics are tilted to the disfavor of the developing world which at the moment house over 80% of the world's population. Projections are indicating that after the first half of this century, 86% of all human population will be in the third world countries. With resource levels already declining, this increase in population is likely to erupt into social and economic problems. The issue of depletion of natural resources is dominating the global spotlight and has evoked reaction from the conservationists. There are huge campaigns for developed world to lead the path towards the conservation of the environment and to use renewable sources of energy. Afforestation and also the insistence on the human non-encroachment of natural habitats is also another campaign aimed at conserving natural resources (Nelson 4). Increased population has also led to the degradation and pollution of the environment. Currently, the eyes of the world are fixed on the raging debate on global warming, the impact that it is having on the world and the threat to humanity. Increased human activity has continued to emit gases causing the green gas effect and destroying the ozone layer. A look at the correlation between overpopulation and pollution has to focus at the various factors that have led to this. Population explosion has had an effect of rapid urbanization. The existing projections indicate that in a century's time, 75 percent of the population shall be residing in the urban areas mostly in the southern hemisphere. (Nelson11). A Look at most urban center today indicates that they are characterized by traffic congestion. Motor vehicles emission is rated as the number one cause of air pollution. There are a number of causes of pollution and while they cannot all be linked to overpopulation, the growth in popula tion is the leading factor. The effects of global warming have captured global attention and have raised concerns over the need to limit gas emissions and also take positive steps towards reducing environmental pollution. There is a flurry of activities to ensure that this is achieved with campaigns directed to the United States and china which lead in greenhouse gas emissions. There are government regulations put into place to ensure that people reduce the use of products that increase environmental pollution. Indeed the problems associated with overpopulation are immense but the most important range between environmental pollution and natural resources depletion. Increased population has led to increased demand for resources and human settlement is encroaching into the natural habitat. Water, land and essential minerals are being depleted as days pass by. Human population also leads to increased pollution due to intensification of activities that cause pollution. Steps are being taken to address the issue of overpopulation and also conserve the environment. Works Cited Nelson, Lynn D. Sociology In Global Perspective. Washington DC; Digital Text Plus LLC, 2007

201 Online Research Databases and Search Engines

201 Online Research Databases and Search Engines Whether you are conducting extensive research for an academic program or simply interested in learning more about the world around you, online databases and search engines are a great way to study from the comfort of your home or dorm. Thats why weve compiled a list of 202 websites and databases to help you do just that. While some require subscription or a library membership, many are open access, allowing you to find the data and information you need absolutely free of charge.Business and EconomicsHumanities, Social Sciences, Anthropology, Religion and PhilosophyMathematics and Computer ScienceMultidisciplinaryEngineering and AgricultureScience and MedicineMilitary StudiesEducation, Linguistics and LawPhoto by rawpixel on UnsplashBusiness and EconomicsBPubs- BPubs is a search engine to access business and trade publications.EconBiz- EconBiz focuses on economic and business studies, offering searches of all free access journals and open access material. Provided by the ZBW - German National Library of Economics, a part of the Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, the database opened in 2002 as the Virtual Library for Economics and Business Studies.EconLit- This is a collection of 120+ years of economic research spearheaded by the American Economic Association. Focusing on literature in the field of economics, EconLit contains academic sources dating back to 1969.EconStor- EconStor is a non-commercial public server by the ZBM with a large collection of economic literature, including 167,526 full texts. In contains open access full-text versions of working papers, journal articles and conference proceedings, all of which authors and editors can submit free of charge.EDGAR Search- EDGAR Search is a searchable database offered by The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Its purpose is to provide information and access to more than 21 million findings relating to SEC filings published, including operations and financial information searchable by company nam e.IDEAS- IDEAS claims to be the largest bibliographic database dedicated to Economics that is available for free on the Internet. It is a volunteer effort to increase free dissemination of research in Economics and uses RePEc data. Authors who submit their work receive a monthly tally of its popularity, including its ranking on the database.Inomics- Inomics is a search tool for jobs and academic programs in disciplines such as Economics, Business, Finance, Management and Marketing. You can also search by subject and curate a newsfeed of articles related to these disciplines.National Bureau of Economic Research- The National Bureau of Economic Research offers this searchable database of working papers, books, chapters from books in progress, and other free publications related to research in Economics. Topics include themes such as: Africa, Charter Schools, Childhood Interventions, Chinas Economy, Commodity, Prices, Developments in the European Economy, Energy, Entrepreneurship, Immi gration and Innovation, Inequality, International Capital Flows, Productivity and Growth, and Taxation.Research Papers in Economics- Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) is a collaborative, volunteer project boasting archives containing 2.6 million research pieces from 3,000 journals and 4,600 working papers. Its purpose is to increase the dissemination of economic research.Photo by Billeasy on UnsplashHumanities, Social Sciences, Anthropology, Religion and PhilosophyAgeLine- The AgeLine database is a subscription-based online resource for gerontology research, and research relating to topics of aging. It is ideal for health organizations, government entities, and nursing service providers.AllMusic- AllMusic is an online database cataloging more than 3 million albums and 30 million tracks. It also offers extensive information relating to bands and/or individual artists.Anthropological Index Online- The Anthropological Index Online (AIO) is a service of the Royal Anthropological Inst itute (RAI) and supported by the Anthropology Library and Research Centre at the British Museum. It boasts approximately 4,000 periodical titles with content from various branches of anthropology, along with 800 journals, published in more than 40 languages.Anthropological Literature- This subscription-based database offers indexing for anthropology and archaeology, including social and cultural anthropology, Old and New World archaeology, and physical anthropology.Artcyclopedia- Artcylopedia is a database listing information about 9,000 artists and 2,900 art sites, and provides 160,000 links relative to the art world. It is searchable by artist, artwork, or museum location.Arts Humanities Citation Index- The Arts Humanities Citation Index offers abstracts and indexing of 1,700+ journals published in the arts and humanities. With multiple subject categories, such as cultural studies, literature, and theater, the database is searchable by category or specific journal title.ATLA Rel igion Database- The ATLA Religion Database (ATLA RDB) is a subscription-based index, with journal articles, book reviews, and essays related to religion or religious studies. Published by the American Theological Library, the database contains 2.1 million article citations from over 1,940+ journals, along with over half a million book reviews.Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index- Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index is based in China and developed by Nanjing University. It contains about 500 Chinese academic journals in the humanities and social sciences, and is used as basis for the evaluation of academic promotion among several universities.Encyclopedia of Psychology- The Encyclopedia of Psychology is provided by Psych Central and offers links to various psychology topics and resources. It provides information on psychological conditions, tests, blogs and podcasts, clinical trials, academic resources, and forums and support groups.Inspire- INSPIREs main goal is to provide a re pository for spatial information throughout Europe. This EU initiative seeks help to make spatial or geographical information accessible for those working in various stages of land development.International Aging Research Portfolio- International Aging Research Portfolio (IARP) contains an open-access directory for grants, publications, and academic conferences in social and behavioral sciences. It also provides search and visual trend analysis tools for topics related to aging research.International Directory of Philosophy- With over 37,000 listings, the International Directory of Philosophy database, established by the Philosophy Documentation Center in 2010, provides information on university philosophy departments, research centers, professional societies, journals, and philosophy.LAnnà ©e philologique- LAnnà ©e philologique (The Philological Year) is a subscription-based database containing bibliography information for scholarly works in language, literature, history and cul ture of ancient Greece and Rome. The print version has been in publication since 1928.Library of Anglo-American Culture History- The Library of Anglo-American Culture History, funded by the German Research Foundation, offers access to journals, newspapers, and databases in English Studies, American Studies, Canadian Studies, and Australian and New Zealand studies.Literary Encyclopedia- The Literary Encyclopedia is a subscription-based database that publishes biographies of major and minor writers, as well as critical essays on literature, culture, and history.National Criminal Justice Reference Service- The National Criminal Justice Reference Service offers this database through funding by the U.S. government. It is focused on content related to criminal justice and is a resource for law enforcement, policymakers, practitioners, and researchers. With its expansive collection of reports, books, research, and unpublished research, it is also valuable to educators, community leaders, and the general public.OpenEdition.org- OpenEdition offers a searchable database of books and journals in the humanities and social sciences. Many are free access, along with services provided by libraries and subscribing institutions.Open Library of Humanities- Open Library of Humanities is a registered charity in England and Wales and contains a searchable database of open access journals in the humanities.PhilPapers- PhilPapers is a searchable database and bibliography of philosophy that is maintained by the community of philosophers. It includes various content in philosophy, including journals, books, open access archives, and personal pages, with 2,429,107 entries categorized in 5,408 categories.Philosophy Research Index- The Philosophy Research Index offers bibliographic information on articles, books, reviews, dissertations, and other documents related to the field of philosophy. It includes over 1.34 million bibliographic records in 30 languages.POPLINE- POPLINE provides f ree access to 380,000 publications and resources related to family planning and reproductive health, including many full-text copies.Project MUSE- Project MUSE provides complete, full-text versions of scholarly journals. It contains over 674 journals from 125 publishers and offers over 50,000 books from more than 100 presses.Psychologys Feminist Voices- Psychologys Feminist Voices (PFV) is a digital archive of past and contemporary feminist psychologists who have contributed to psychological research. It contains biographical profiles, oral history interview transcripts, video content, timelines, bibliographies, teaching resources, and an original 40-minute documentary on the current status of feminist psychology in the United States.PsycINFO- PsycINFO, supported by the American Psychological Association, offers a searchable database containing abstracts and citations of literature that has been published in the field of psychology.PubPsych- PubPsych is a searchable, open access dat abase containing psychology-related resources. Users can search in English, Spanish, French and German.Questia- Questia is an online research and paper writing resource with more than 94,000 online books. It also includes organizational and paper-writing tools to help manage research and automatically generate footnotes and bibliographies.Rocks Backpages- Rocks Backpages is a subscription-based database that contains full-text articles that are freelance contributions to the music and mainstream press. It contains over 37,000 articles, including features, reviews, and 600 audio interviews with musicians.Social Science Citation Index- Provided by Clarivate Analytics, the Social Science Citation Index contains approximately 3,000 leading academic journals across more than 50 disciplines.Social Science Research Network- The Social Science Research Network (SSRN) offers 837,220 research papers from 416,090 researchers across 30 disciplines.SocioSite- SocioSite is maintained by the Unive rsity of Amsterdam and contains research related to sociological subjects, including activism, culture, peace, and racism.SocioWeb- SocioWeb is a searchable database containing including websites, online directories, articles, surveys and statistics, and journals related to the study of sociology. It also contains links to sociological associations.State Legislative Websites Directory- The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) contains information gathered from the home pages and websites of the 50 state legislatures, the District of Columbia and the territories. Researchers can view bills, press rooms, and statutes from each state.The Womens Library- The Womens Library is part of the London School of Economics and Political Science. It offers an online database of journals, articles, and cross-domain printed material, archives and 3D objects relating to womens history.University of Oxford Text Archive- The Oxford Text Archive offers a searchable database of literary and linguistic resources for use in research and teaching. It is part of the CLARIN European Research Infrastructure and is part of the University of Oxfords contribution to the CLARIN-UK Consortium.U.S. Metropolitan Travel Survey Archive- U.S. Metropolitan Travel Survey Archive is funded by The United States Department of Transportation and provides free access to travel surveys conducted by cities, states and localities.VET-Bib- VET-Bib is a database offering bibliographic information for European vocational education and training (VET) literature and is maintained by the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop).WikiArc- WikiArc is a search tool for professionals, students and researchers interested in the fields of archaeology, classical antiquity, paleoanthropology, forensic anthropology, cultural heritage studies, and Quaternary sciences.Photo by Roman Mager on UnsplashMathematics and Computer Science2arXiv e-print Archive- Offered by Cornell University Library, arXiv.org is an open access database, allowing users to search for 1,480,478 e-prints in Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Quantitative Biology, Quantitative Finance, Statistics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science, and Economics.Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library- The ACM Digital Library offers a searchable database of full-text Collection ACM publications, including journals, conference proceedings, technical magazines, newsletters and books.Citebase Search- Citebase is the product of a collaboration between Opcit Project and the Open Archives Initiative. It is a cross-archive search engine that provides links to research paper bibliographies, along with generating citation analysis and navigation over the e-print literature.CiteSeerX- CiteSeerx offers a searchable database and digital library of scientific literature focused primarily on computer and information science. It also provides resources such as algorithms, data, metadata, services , techniques, and software.Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies- This searchable database offers bibliographies of computer science literature and contains more than 7 million references to journal articles, conference papers and technical reports in the field of computer science.Computer Science Technical Reports- As a service offered by the computer science department of Virginia Tech, Computer Science Technical Reports is collection of computer science technical reports from CS departments and industrial and government research laboratories around the world.dblp computer science bibliography- This searchable database offers open access bibliographic information academic journals within the computer science field. It is run by the University of Trier and Schloss Dagstuhl.HCI Bibliography- The HCI Bibliography offers access to bibliographies, weblogs, columns, news, and developer resources related to human-computer interaction.IEEE Xplore- Along with material published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the IEEE Xplore database provides access to more than 4.5-million documents related to the fields of computer science, electrical engineering, electronics. Full-text documents require a subscription.Inspec- Inspec is run by the Institution of Engineering and Technology and provides access to 17 million abstracts in the fields of physics and engineering.MathGuide- The MathGuide offers links to all core areas of mathematics, with the goal to index and catalog quality math resources and scholarly links.The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies- The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies offers more than 7 million bibliographies (mostly to journal articles, conference papers and technical reports) of scientific literature in computer science from various sources, covering most aspects of computer science.zbMATH- zbMath is a searchable database for finding documents, authors, and journals related to mathematics. While some are open access, others require payment.Photo by Angela Compagno on UnsplashMultidisciplinaryAcademic Index- The Academic Index is a meta-search tool that indexes research-quality reference and information sources selected by professional librarians, educators, and educational and library consortia. It currently provides access to over 300,000 web pages.Academic Search- Provided by EBSCO Publishing, the Academic Search database is a subscription-based research database providing access to peer-reviewed, full-text journals.African Journals OnLine- African Journals OnLine (AJOL) offers access to peer-reviewed, African-published scholarly journals. Users can browse peer-reviewed journals from Africa, download full-text articles from journal homepages, and search for an article by title, author/s or keywords.Airiti Inc- The Airiti Library provides a search platform in Chinese that features full-text academic journal articles, doctoral dissertations, and conference paper comp ilations.Archives Hub- Archives Hub offers access to archives in over 300 institutions around Scotland, England, and Wales, providing links to digital content when available.BASE: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine- Created and run by the Bielefeld University Library, BASE harvests metadata from institutional and other academic digital libraries. It offers over 120 million documents from across over 6000 sources with an easy-to-use search engine.Book Review Index Online- Book Review Index Online offers access to book reviews from 1965 to the present published in nearly 500 periodicals and newspapers. You will need a New York Public Library card to access it free of charge.Books in Print- Books in Print is a subscription-based service providing bibliographic information on published works to the book trade, including publishers, booksellers, libraries, and individuals.Catalog of U.S. Government Publications- The CGP offers access to federal publications, including direct links to the f ull document, when available. Users can search by authoring agency, title, subject, and general keywords, or click on Advanced Search for more options.CIA World Factbook- The World Factbook offers a searchable database on the history, people, government, economy, geography, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues for 267 countries and locales around the world. References tools also available are maps of the major world regions, Flags of the World, a Physical Map of the World, a Political Map of the World, a World Oceans map, and a Standard Time Zones of the World map.CiNii- CiNii (pronounced like sigh-knee) is an open-access database offering access to articles, Books, Journals and Dissertations. It also includes university research bulletins or articles from the National Diet Librarys Japanese Periodicals Index Database.CiteULike- CiteULike provides free access, allowing users to store and share scholarly papers. The site extracts citations automatically from stored papers.CogPrints- CogPrints is an an electronic archive for papers in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Linguistics, Computer Science, Philosophy, Biology, Medicine, and Anthropology.CORE- CORE aggregates all open-access research from academic journals and entities worldwide, with the mission of making them available to the public.De Gruyter Open- De Gruyter is an academic publisher of open access books, with more than 1000 open access books available on the website. Authors can also publish open access, although all publications are subject to peer review.Digital Library of the Commons Repository- The DLC offers free and open access to articles (some full text), papers, and dissertations. There is also an author-submission portal; an Image Database; the Comprehensive Bibliography of the Commons; and a Keyword Thesaurus.Directory of Open Access Journals- DOAJ is an online directory that is community curated and indexed to provide open access to peer-reviewed journals across multiple fields and topics.EBSCO Open Dissertations- EBSCO Open Dissertations is a free database with more than 800,000 electronic theses and dissertations submitted globally.EThOS- EThOS aims to improve the availability of doctoral research theses in the UK, making publicly-funded research freely available for all researchers.Genamics JournalSeek- Genamics JournalSeek is a categorized database of freely available journal information, and currently contains information for 39,226 titles across disciplines. This information includes the journals aims and scope, journal abbreviation, journal homepage link, subject category and ISSN.GeoRef- Created by the American Geosciences Institute in 1966, the GeoRef database provides access to geoscience via a bibliographic database in the geosciences. It currently contains over 3.9 million references to geoscience journal articles, books, maps, conference papers, reports and theses.Google Books- Google Books allows users to search through millio ns of books available online. If permission has been given, users can read the full text.Google Correlate- Google Correlate is a part of Google Trends, allowing the user to submit a query for finding similar patterns to a target data series. Think of it as Google Trends in reverse.Google Scholar- Google Scholar allows broad searches for academic literature across multiple disciplines, including articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions.Google Trends- Google Trends offers searches that show how frequently a given search term is entered into Googles search engine relative to total search volume over a given period of time. It also provides geographical information about search engine users.Indian Citation Index- The Indian Citation Index (ICI) database offers access to approximately 1000 top Indian scholarly journals across the sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities.Infotopia- Infotopia is an academic search engine that is curated by librarians, teachers and other educational workers.Ingenta- The Ingenta Connect portal is a subscription-based content management system that hosts more than 5 million articles and 16,000 publications from 350 publishers.International Medieval Bibliography- The International Medieval Bibliography (IMB) is a subscription-based database that offers current bibliographies of articles in journals related to Classics, English Language and Literature, History and Archaeology, Theology and Philosophy, Medieval European Languages and Literatures, Arabic and Islamic Studies, History of Education, Art History, Music, Theatre and Performance Arts, Rhetoric and Communication Studies.iSEEK Education- iSEEK Education is a search engine that compiles thousands of authoritative resources from university and government sources.J-Gate- J-Gate allows users to access global e-journal literature, including 10 Million full-text articles from 49,000+ journals covering Agriculture and biological Sciences, Arts and humanities, Basic Sci ences, Biomedical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, and Social and Management Sciences.JSTOR- JSTOR provides access for researchers and students to more than 12 million academic journal articles, books, and primary sources across 75 disciplines.JURN- JURN provides an academic search-engine, indexing 3,952 free e-journals in the arts and humanities.Library of Congress- The U.S. Library of Congress Online Catalog provides access to dozens of recommended free databases, indexing and abstracting services, and full-text reference resources in the Arts and Humanities, Law, News and Current Events, Regional and Cultural Studies, Science and Technology, and Social Sciences.Mendeley- Mendeley allows researchers to add papers directly from their browser and generate references, citations and bibliographies across various formats. Researchers can also share ideas and discover new research in their field.Microsoft Academic Search- Microsoft Academic Search allows users to search for papers and provides related information about the most relevant authors, institutions, publication outlets, and research areas through a semantic search capability.National Archives- The National Archives provides a searchable archival database for U.S. government and veterans records, along with Americas Founding documents, Educators resources, and war records.OAIster- The OAIster database provides millions of records from open access resources, and was built through harvesting from worldwide open access collections using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH).OpenDOAR- OpenDOAR is a global directory of academic repositories that are open access, enabling users to identify, browse, and search for repositories.OpenSIGLE- OpenSIGLE offers open access to 700,000 bibliographical references, including technical or research reports, doctoral dissertations, conference papers, official publications, and other types of grey literature.Oxford Academic Journals- Oxfo rd Academic is a service provided by Oxford University Press, publishing more than 200 open-access academic journals.Paperity- Paperity is a multi-disciplinary aggregator of open-access journals, giving readers easy access to thousands of journals from hundreds of disciplines, in one central location. It includes scholarly communication in all research fields, from Sciences, Technology, Medicine, to Social Sciences, to Humanities and Arts.Readers Guide Retrospective: 1890–1982- Readers Guide Retrospective: 1890-1982 is a subscription-based index of over three million articles from more than 550 leading magazines including full coverage of the original print volumes of Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.Readers Guide to Periodical Literature- Readers Guide to Periodical Literature is a subscription-based index covering topics in art, business, education and entertainment.RefSeek- Refseek is a search engine that pulls from over one billion web pages, encyclopedias, journals and books, providing easy access to PDFs of academic papers.ResearchGate- ResearchGate is part publication index/part networking site for scientists and researchers. It offers free access to over 15 million members from all over the world to share, discover, and discuss research.SafetyLit- SafetyLit offers indexed reports from researchers who work in disciplines related to preventing and researching unintentional injuries, violence, and self-harm. These include agriculture, anthropology, architecture, economics, education, engineering specialties, ergonomics and human factors, faith scholars, health and medicine, law and law enforcement, psychology, social work, sociology, and other fields.Scientific Electronic Library Online- SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) is an open-access bibliographic database, digital library, and cooperative electronic publishing model for journals. It is available in English, Portuguese and Spanish.SCIndeks- SCIndeks is a hybrid open-access an d subscription-based database containing metadata and citation data for scientific publishing in Serbia, including some full-text articles.Scopus- Scopus is the largest subscription-based abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, including scientific journals, books and conference proceedings.SearchTeam.com- SearchTeam is a collaborative search engine that allows you to conduct searches along with your friends, colleagues and coworkers.Smithsonian Institution Research Information System- The Smithsonian Collections Search Center is an online database offering access to most of the major collections from Smithsonian museums, archives, libraries, and research units. It contains 13.5 million catalog records in Art Design, History Culture, and Science Technology with over 3.1 million images, videos, audio files, podcasts, blog posts and electronic journals.Socolar- Socolar is a searchable database containing open-access content from journals in Agriculture and Food Sciences, Arts and Architecture, Biology and Life Sciences, Business and Economics, Chemistry, Earth and Environmental Sciences, General Works, Health Sciences, History and Archaeology, Languages and Literatures, Law and Political Science, Mathematics and Statistics, Philosophy and Religion, Physics and Astronomy, Science, Social Sciences, Technology and Engineering, and Library and Information Science.Sparrho- Sparrho combines human and artificial intelligence to complement traditional methods of finding academic material.The British Library Catalogues Digital Collections- The British Library offers multiple digital collections, including digitized manuscripts, sounds online, the endangered archives programme, and the British newspaper archive (among others).Ulrichsweb- Ulrichsweb is a subscription-based database that helps librarians and subscribers avoid gathering serials information in bits and pieces from multiple sources, and brings together the latest bibliographic and provi der details in one location.Virtual Learning Resources Center- The Virtual Learning Resources Center (VLRC) hosts thousands of scholarly websites selected by teachers and librarians from around the world.Wiley Online Library- The Wiley Online Library hosts one of the worlds most extensive multidisciplinary, open-access collections of online resources covering life, health and physical sciences, social science, and the humanities. It contains over 4 million articles from 1,500 journals, 9,000 books, and hundreds of multi-volume reference works, laboratory protocols and databases.Wolfram Alpha- Wolfram Alpha is a computational knowledge engine that provides answers for questions across a wide range of disciplines and knowledge.WorldCat- WorldCat is the worlds largest network offering access to library content and services. Some resources may require library membership to access.Zenodo- Zenodo is a shared research database featuring topics in the Sciences and Humanities. Users can also create and curate communities for a workshop, project, department, journal, or digital repository.Photo by Angela Compagnone on UnsplashEngineering and AgricultureAbandoned Little-Known Airfields- This site offers information on vanished or abandoned U.S. airfields and their unusual histories, searchable by state.Aerospace High Technology Database- This database requires Princeton University or ProQuest authentication to access. It covers all aspects of applied research in the aerospace and space sciences, providing indexing and abstracts from periodicals, conference papers, trade journals, magazines, books, patents and technical reports dating back to the early 1960s.AGRICOLA: Agricultural Online Access- Run by the United States Department of Agriculture, this database is produced by the National Agricultural Library (NAL) and consists of two subsets of records: the first, including citations for journal articles that include abstracts; and the second, including bibliographic re cords describing monographs, serials, audiovisual materials and online content from around the world.AGRIS- Run by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, AGRIS offers a searchable database of papers, data, statistics, and multimedia material related to Agricultural Science and Technology Information.ASCE Library- The ASCE Library offers a searchable database of civil engineering content, with articles from ASCE journals, papers from conference proceedings, and e-books and standards compiled by the American Society of Civil Engineers.CAB Abstracts- CAB Abstracts is a subscription-based international bibliographic database focusing on agricultural literature and containing over 9.1 million records (from 1973 onward). It contains subjects relating to agriculture, environment, forestry, veterinary sciences, applied economics, food science, nutrition, and allied disciplines in the life sciences.Civil Engineering Database- Run by the American Society of Civil Enginee rs, the Civil Engineering Database offers an open-access bibliographic database for all ASCE publications including journals, conference proceedings, books, standards, manuals, magazines, and newspapers related to civil engineering.Ei Compendex- Ei Compendex is subscription-based and claims to be the broadest and most complete engineering literature database available in the world, providing peer reviewed and indexed publications with over 20 million records from 77 countries across 190 engineering disciplines.FSTA – Food Science and Technology Abstracts- This subscription-based database covers literature on every aspect of the food chain, including biotechnology, microbiology, food safety, additives, nutrition, packaging and pet foods.National Agricultural Library: Ag Data Commons Beta- The National Agricultural Librarys Ag Data Commons Beta offers online access to open data relevant to agricultural research, including agronomy, genomics, hydrology, soils, agro-ecosystems, s ustainability science, and economic statistics.National Agricultural Library: PubAg- The National Agricultural Librarys PubAg offers online access to 82,670 full-text journal articles on the agricultural sciences.Photo by Louis Reed on UnsplashScience and MedicineAnalytical Sciences Digital Library- The Analytical Sciences Digital Library (ASDL) is funded by NSFs National Science Digital Library (NSDL) program and is a database containing peer reviewed innovations in curricular development and supporting technical resources in the analytical sciences.Analytical Abstracts- Analytical Abstracts keeps users up to date regarding recent developments in analytical science, with a searchable updates that consists of article abstracts and details of analyte, matrix and technique.Astrophysics Data System- The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is a searchable database for researchers in Astronomy and Physics, and is maintained by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) under a N ASA grant. It contains three bibliographic databases comprised of more than 14.2 million records covering publications in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physics, and the arXiv e-prints.Behavioral and Brain Sciences- Behavioral and Brain Sciences is a database containing psychology and brain science articles.Beilstein database- The Beilstein database is a subscription-based database of organic chemistry compounds, with over 6,000,000 structures and about 5,000,000 reactions. It is advertised as being the largest database in the field of organic chemistry.Bioline International- Bioline is maintained by librarians and researchers, and provides a platform for the distribution of peer-reviewed journals in bioscience. Its content is currently from Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Ghana, India, Iran, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Turkey, Uganda and Venezuela.Biological Abstracts- Biological Abstracts is a subscription-based database containing a collection of bibliogra phic references for life science and biomedical research literature.BioMed Central- BioMed Central is an open-access, searchable database with an evolving portfolio of high-quality peer-reviewed journals in topics pertaining to biology, physical sciences, mathematics and engineering disciplines.BioOne- BioOne is a nonprofit publisher providing libraries with cost-effective access to high-quality, curated research in science.CancerData- CancerData.org offers open-access data related to cancer research.CAplus- CAplus is a subscription-based integrated source of journal articles and patent documents in biomedical sciences, chemistry, engineering, materials science, agricultural science and more.CAS Registry- CAS Registry is a database of inorganic and organic substances including minerals, compounds, alloys, mixtures, polymers, and salts. It is used primarily to identify unknown chemical substances using information about names and chemical structure of substances.CERN Document Server- The CERN Document Servicer is an open-access database offering a digital collection of particle physics and accelerator physics preprints, articles, journals, photographs and more, from the CERN research center.CHBD: Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database- The Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database (CHBD) is a project of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Team in Circumpolar Health Research. It is a free electronic database containing 7900 records describing publications about all aspects of human health in the circumpolar region.ChemBioFinder- ChemBioFinder is a free database containing data, articles and research related to Chemistry.Chemisches Zentralblatt- Chemisches Zentralblatt is the first and oldest abstracts journal published in the field of chemistry, covering chemical literature from 1830 to 1969.CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)- The CINAHL is a subscription-based database offering fast and easy full-text access to to p journals, evidence-based care sheets, quick lessons and more in the fields of Nursing and Allied Health.Cochrane Library- The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) is a database offering systematic reviews in health care.Current Contents – Science Edition- Current Contents is a subscription-based database that provides access to tables of contents, bibliographic information, and abstracts from issues of leading scholarly journals in Life Sciences; Clinical Medicine; Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Sciences; Engineering, Technology, and Applied Sciences; and Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences.Dryad- Dryad is an open repository for data whose vision is to promote a world where research data is openly available, integrated with the scholarly literature, and routinely re-used to create knowledge.Elsevier Open Access Journals- Elsevier Open Access Journals provides articles in open-access, Elsevier-published journals that have undergone peer review and are permanently free for everyone to read and download.EMBASE for Excerpta Medica database- Embase is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database to search and access published literature for complying with the regulatory requirements of a licensed drug.Europe PMC- Europe PMC is a repository, providing access to articles in life sciences, as well as books, patents and clinical guidelines.Global Health- The Global Health database is subscription-based, and focused on research related to community and international health.Global Health Archive- Global Health Archive is a database for researchers interested in public health and biomedical studies produced between 1910 and 1983. It includes over 800,000 records and provides data related to communicable diseases, nutrition, entomology, helminthology, and mycology.Golm Metabolome Database- The Golm Metabolome Database (GMD) allows users to search for and disseminate information on mass spectra from biologically active metabolites quantified using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS).HighWire- HighWire offers links to several online journals in the sciences, many of which are open access.HubMed- HubMed is an alternative, third-party interface to PubMed, a database offering bibliographical information for biomedical literature produced by the National Library of Medicine.IARP- The IARP offers a searchable database for literature and research on aging studies for research investigators, health care policy makers, government officials, interest groups and the general public.Index Copernicus- Index Copernicus is a database containing user-contributed information in the sciences, including scientist profiles, scientific institutions, publications and research projects.MathSciNet- MathSciNet is a searchable database of reviews, abstracts and bibliographic information for mathematical sciences literature. The database contains almost 3 million items and over 1.7 million direct links to original articles.MEDLINE- MEDLINE provides bibliographical information, journal citations and abstracts for globally produced biomedical literature.MedlinePlus- MedlinePlus offers searchable information on the latest treatments, drugs or supplements, and links to the latest medical research and clinical trials.The Merck Index Online- The Merck Index Online provides a searchable database of medication by compound names, chemical structures, physical and biological activity and properties.Meteorological Geoastrophysical Abstracts- Meteorological Geoastrophysical Abstracts (MGA) provides a searchable database of literature covering topics in meteorology, climatology, atmospheric chemistry and physics, astrophysics, hydrology, glaciology, physical oceanography and environmental sciences.MyScienceWork- MyScienceWorks open-access feature allows users to search across 8,000 full-text documents in the field of science.OASIS- The Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) provides free neuroim aging data sets of the brain to the scientific community.Organic Research Database- This website is a database of abstracts dealing with scientific research involving organic agriculture. It can only be accessed through a subscription.OSTI.gov: Department of Energy Scientific and Technical Information- OSTI.GOV is run by the U.S. Department of Energy and offers a searchable database for science, technology, and engineering.PolarisOS- PolarisOS is a scientific database including over 70 million scientific publications. It is designed to help scientists of all disciplines access and deposit scientific publications.PubChem- PubChem is a National Institute of Health open database for Chemistry. It is designed to help scientists and the public access information about chemical structure, chemical/physical properties, identifiers, patents, biological activities and safety.Public Library of Science- The Public Library of Science is a nonprofit scientific publishing and advocacy website wit h over 215,000 peer-reviewed scientific articles. The free articles span the subjects of Biology, Genetics, Pathogens, Medicine, and Tropical Diseases and can be redistributed.PubMed- Pubmed is a collection of more than 29 million biomedical citations from online books, MEDLINE, and journals of life science. Some citations have links to full articles.Retina- This journal features the latest information concerning vitreoretinal disorders, focusing on therapeutic and diagnostic techniques. It features full review articles twelve times a year.Russian Science Citation Index- Russian Science Citation Index is a bibliographic database of scientific publications published in Russian.ScienceDirect- Science Direct is a large collection of Engineering and Physical Science publications. The articles range from theoretical to applied science covering both foundational and research-based disciplines.Science.gov- The website is a collection of 60 databases concerning federal science information. The databases allow users to access over 2,200 websites concerning scientific research and development.ScienceOpen- ScienceOpen is a free Science research, publishing and networking platform with access to over 50 million articles. The website features research database access, social sharing and peer review.Scientillion- Scientillion is a search engine that provides access primarily to articles concerning Physics and Computer Science. It also allows access to e-prints of scientific papers from various fields such as Astronomy, Biology and Mathematics.SciSeek- SciSeek is a science search engine and directory in which users can browse by category, search by keyword, or add new sites to the listings.SciTech Connect- SciTech Connect is a website that features a database of over 3 million research articles from the Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information.Scopus- Scopus is a subscription-based abstract and citation database covering approximately 36,377 titles from 11,678 publishers in the fields of life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences.Semantic Scholar- Semantic Scholar is a collection of peer-reviewed scientific research articles. The website features access to over 40 million papers from sources such as PubMed, Nature, and ArXiv.SPRESI- Spresi is an integrated scientific chemical database. It features 700,000 references, 4.6 million reactions, and 5.8 molecules that have been abstracted from the literature.SpringerLink- SpringerLink provides researchers with access to millions of scientific documents from journals, books, series, protocols and reference works.Strategian Science- Strategian is a free database to find resources in science, including full-text books, patents, and reports, as well as full-text journal and magazine articles.Tropical Diseases Bulletin- The tropical diseases bulletin is a database with abstracts and bibliographic information. It is primarily concerned with research on public h ealth and infectious diseases in the developing world.Web of Science- Web of Science is a platform that connects the web of science core collection to patent data, an index of specialized subjects and research data sets. It accesses articles from over 33,000 journals.WorldWideScience.org- WorldWideScience.org is a gateway to both international and national science databases. The goal of the site is to promote scientific progress and discovery by providing one platform to access international science databases.VADLO- VADLO is a search engine for the purpose of accessing life science methods, protocols, and techniques. It gives access to a wide range of life science topics including biochemistry, genetics, and biotechnology.Zoological Record- Zoological Record is considered to be the oldest existing database of animal Biology. It is a leading taxonomic reference, a register of animal names, and covers a wide variety of subjects such as taxonomy, veterinary science, biodiversity, and t he environment.Photo by Chuanchai Pundej on UnsplashMilitary StudiesAir University Library Index to Military Periodicals- Air University Library Index to Military Periodicals is a searchable, open-access database offering bibliographic and full-text information for military books and journal articles.Fold3- Fold3 offers access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who currently serve, or have served, in the U.S. military.Photo by Pan Xiaozhen on UnsplashEducation, Linguistics and LawDigital History- Digital History is provided by the College of Education at the University of Houston and its purpose is to help teachers of American History in K-12 schools and colleges. It includes learning modules with historical overviews, along with recommended documents, films, historic images, lesson plans, fact checks, and guided student activities.Education Resources Information Center- Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) offers a searchable digital library of full-text research and bibliographic information in the field of education, and is run by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education.Lesson Planet- Lesson Planet is a membership-based database providing curriculum tools and lesson plans to K-12 educators, librarians, curriculum and technology specialists, and homeschooling parents.LexisNexis- LexisNexis Academic allows users to search and access full-text news, business, and legal publications. It is available in over 1,800 libraries around the world.LingBuzz- Lingbuzz is an archive that is freely accessible and offers linguistics articles, along with articles focusing on the latest research in syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology and more.VET-Bib- VET-Bib is a bibliographic database offering literature and information focused on vocational education and training in Europe.Westlaw- Westlaw is a subscription-based online legal research database providing a compre hensive collection of legal information, backed by a rigorous editorial process.

How to Overcome Insecurity in the Workplace

How to Overcome Insecurity in the Workplace Workplace insecurity is a thing- even for people who wouldn’t normally consider themselves â€Å"insecure.† Particularly for women, feeling less than on the job is a constant struggle- and usually, the feelings aren’t even warranted. Help yourself diagnose the most common workplace insecurities and figure out how you can overcome them. You’ll be much more productive and fulfilled if you do.1. Lack of TalentOkay, so right away you can probably write this off. You got hired for this job, didn’t you? So you can’t possibly be as underqualified or untalented as you think. Take a step back and stop comparing yourself and your work to that of your peers. Remember that your skill set and experience is unique and might bring something slightly different to the table than those of your coworkers- even if those might seem more impressive from where you’re sitting. And if you’re still feeling like you could know and do more†¦ learn a n ew skill or get a new qualification in an online course.2. Lack of AdvancementYou’re watching people get promoted all around you and you’re worried that you’re not advancing as fast as others. Don’t let the envy or resentment pull you down. Focus on your work. Sit down with your boss and have a chat about what you need to do to grow and start moving forward. Get clear on your expectations and then figure out how to exceed them!3. Lack of MoneyYou’re not supposed to talk about money in the office environment, but chances are you’ve been observant enough to know (ballpark) what the people around you are making. If this makes you feel inadequate, remember to make the focus on you: what could you be doing to qualify for a raise? Talk to your boss. Look around for other jobs, especially if you feel you’re not being rewarded for your skillset and work level.4. Lack of PopularityIf you feel your social skills aren’t quite up to par, s tart stepping up. Ask how you can be of help to coworkers. Go the extra mile. They will remember when the tables are turned and you need help. Plus, you can use their gratitude to build rapport and a better, warmer relationship.If you’re really stuck, there are lots of resources out there for improving your public speaking and social skills. Make use of them! And if you feel invisible on the job, start looking for ways to make yourself stand out a bit more. Take on high profile projects, come early, stay late, etc. A few calculated risks can put you in a much better position to be noticed and then valued.Remember that everyone makes mistakes and everyone is afraid of getting fired- at least at some point. Show up on time, do your job well, present yourself personably and professionally, and you should be in good stead. When in doubt, it’s always a good idea to solicit constructive feedback. Ask questions. Find allies. Trust your gut instincts.But more than anything: do your job and do it well. Go above and beyond. Rise above. There’s no better way to combat your insecurity than to achieve beyond even your own expectations. Just remember to take a proper moment to celebrate those achievements every time they occur.

Media, Public Policy and International Politics Essay

Media, Public Policy and International Politics - Essay Example Logically, since big news events can happen on different countries, establishing a global presence has been a very important strategy for the media industry. As with other companies and industries, the media companies have been able to access talents globally. Likewise, the global competition has also increased the level of service quality given by these firms. Indeed, as with any other industry, globalization has been able to help raise the bar of quality products and services to consumers (Khatri & Nanyang 2000). However, has this really been the case for all members of the media industry or has some utilized their power for influencing various policies. Likewise, has some media outfits been remiss of their duties to provide balanced reporting and has indulged too much in politicking. Part 1: Effect of Media: â€Å"The Fox on the Bush† After the September 11 terrorist attack, the Bush administration saw the chance to launch the new policy which was the National Security Stra tegy of the United States. This had been more famously known as the pre-emptive strike policy which was launched by the Bush administration as a means of deterring future terrorist attacks by the simple principle of being able to attack first so that enemies will not be able to launch an attack on all US interests. Shah (2004) reports that under this policy, the US military has been granted the go signal to strike at states perceived to be harbouring threats to national security to ensure that these are neutralized before they become capable of launching an attack on US soil or US interests. This policy has raised many eyebrows since this crosses the line of existing international obligations and treaties including the pull out of the US from the Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty. This likewise paved the way for possible use of nuclear force against perceived threats. It is interesting to note that this policy has been in the works prior to the September 11 attacks as reported by Donnel ly (2000) wherein four pillars have been established for the US military such as the basic homeland defense. However, the strategy also calls for the capability to wage and win big theatre wars which clearly indicates that as a global police, the US must be capable of pacifying different enemies worldwide. Furthermore, it calls for administering security in areas that are critical. These would not have been possible though had it not been for the terrorist attack and the media blitz that accompanied it. Thus, the timing for launching the policy embodying these ideals have been quite perfect especially since public opinion have been swayed so much by the hysteria generated by the much publicized attack on American soil as well as the subsequent retaliatory strategies. Drumming up the War After the September 11 terrorist attack, the rhetoric of the administration has intensified to shore up public support for the war. This was further advanced through the efforts of various media that have portrayed the horrors of the attack so effectively that people have been moved to ask for actions. Although the protection of the innocent citizens as well as the need for justice to be served for the victims, the media

God's Existence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

God's Existence - Essay Example In a similar manner, we could actually prove the existence of God without resorting to highly scientific analysis which sometimes could confuse people more than explain things to them. In proving the existence of air, the movement of the leaves on the trees or the feel of the breeze on one’s face are evidences that there is air even though one could not actually hold or see it. Likewise, one could only prove the existence of God through the existence of tangible things. When a person looks around, he could notice order in so many things. Common sense tells us that there must be someone who has caused all the things around us to be in order. For example, if children leave the house topsy-turvy and they arrive to a well-organized home; they would know that somebody placed all things in order. In contrast to the Big Bang theory, common sense and science show that things do not simply arrange themselves in a perfectly organized and functional manner. There must be someone who orga nized the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars and that someone must be

What Makes A Good Essay Essay Example for Free

What Makes A Good Essay Essay What makes an essay good? There are many elements that go into a well written comprehensible paper. A quality essay contains elements such as description and detail, thesis statement, exemplification, irony, and knowledge of your audience. A good essay is one that grabs the imagination of the reader. Anyone can write a quality essay following simple guidelines and steps. I think that description and detail are one of the most important elements in writing an essay. If you have good description and supporting details you will develop and present a word picture for your reader. This makes for a far more interesting story. In Thirty Eight Who Saw Murder Didnt Call The Police?, the author Martin Gansberg got the story across in a descriptive way. He told the story three times with all different details leading up to the same ending. He wrote it so that the stabbing was clear and you could picture Catherine Genovese laying there at her apartment doorway, At the second door, 82-62 Austin Street, he saw her slumped on the floor at the foot of the stairs. (Pg. 99)? If you don?t have a good thesis your paper will not have structure. A thesis is always more than a title; it is an announcement of your intent or statement of fact. Although a descriptive title orients your readers, it is seldom detailed enough to reveal your essays purpose or direction. The essay On Fire has a well-written thesis that covers the whole essay. You learn that you are only human flesh, not Superman, and that you can burn like a candle. (Pg. 243)? Another writing tool to make an essay good would be to have exemplification. Exemplification uses a single extended example or series of shorter examples to support the thesis. If you support your points with specific examples it makes it easier for the reader to follow. In Just Walk On By? by Bent Staples, the author starts by describing a situation when he first started realizing people were affair of him. To her, the youngish black man- abroad six feet two inches with a beard and billowing hair, both hands shoved in his pockets of a bulky military jacket- seemed menacingly close. After a few more quick glimpses, she picked up her pace and was soon running in earnest. (Pg.197) Having irony in your paper makes it move interesting. Irony can be language that points to a discrepancy between two different levels of meanings. In ?English I A Crazy  Language, the author Richard Lederer shows irony in the fact that he is making fun of the English language but he devoted his whole life to it. An example of this would be, ?Why is it that a women can man a station but a man can?t women one, that a man can father a movement but a women cant mother one, and that a king rules a kingdom but a queen doesn?t rule a queendom. (Pg. 193) Knowing your audience is an additional important quality in essay writing. If you know your audience you can direct your language towards that group of people. Writers who are sensitive to their audience will carefully choose examples and illustrations that their reader will understand and respond to. In a ?Peaceful Women Explains Why She Carries a Gun? the author directs her story towards women. She explain that most women might have to work hard to convince themselves of their abilities. Also handgun ownership need not turn into gunslingers but it can be part of believing in, and relying on ourselves for protection. ?A pistol is not the only way to avoid being raped or murdered in today?s world, but, intelligently wielded, it can shift the balance of power and provide a measure of safety. (Pg. 301)? A good essay can capture your audience bring them into you?re world captivating and educating readers. Any writer can create quality essay by simply following steps and guidelines using your own creative ideas will read a good essay.

Culture Conflicts: Native Americans versus the White Man :: Racial Relations, Cultural Differences

People had already been living in the America long before the white man ever â€Å"discovered† it. These people were known as the Native Americans. They had lived peacefully on the land, for hundred of years till the early 1800s when white settlers began their move towards the West. As these white settler came upon the Native Americans they brought with them unwavering beliefs that would end up causing great conflicts with the Native people, who had their own way set of values. It was clear that the white man and the Native Americans could not live among each other peacefully for their values and culture were much too different. The Native Americans who occupied America before any white settlers ever reached the shores â€Å"covered the land as the waves of a wind-ruffled sea cover its shell paved floor† (1). These Native people were one with nature and the Great Spirit was all around them. They were accustom to their way of life and lived peacefully. All they wish was to live on their land and continue the traditions of their people. When the white settler came upon their land the values of the Native people were challenged, for the white settlers had nothing in common and believe that it was their duty to assimilate the Native Americans to the white way of life. However the Native Americans strongly regarded their way of live. In their culture the order of nature, was vastly important. It was understood that there was an order to which nature worked and because of this they were tied to the land. They could not comprehend how the whites could â€Å"wander far from the graves of [their] ancestors and seemingly without regret† (Chief Joseph 2). The white settlers came to America and immediately started to conquer the land, without feeling any shame. To the Native Americans that was shocking, for they believed that â€Å"even the rocks, which seem to be dumb and dead...[had] memories of stirring events connected with the lives of [their] people† (Chief Joseph 3). They did not understand how someone could forget their ancestors, and fight nature in such a way that there is room for nobody but themselves. All the same though the white settlers could not see that what they were doing as wrong. They had come to the West to begin a n ew chapter in life, and if the Native Americans could not accept this, then they had to be dealt with.

Peter Singer: Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay

Human Rights: Consequential or Deontological View? Consequential ethics and deontological ethics (DE) mutually maintain that there is a right action that we morally ought to do. However, these normative ethical theories differ in the derivation of what is valued. In the case of human rights, both accounts are supportive of human rights, but for different reasons. Deontological ethics has as its basic thrust, the concept of a duty to do what is right. For one’s actions to be in accordance with DE, those actions must be realized out of a â€Å"notion of right (that) is not derived from a prior notion of good†, as explained by Illies (Illies, 2011, p. 107). A person should choose to perform an act solely because it is the right thing to do, irrespective of the act’s outcome or the consequences thereof. According to Illies transcendental argument, human beings have, by their nature, the inherent ability to distinguish between, the concepts of good and bad. Humans possess the capability to have an â€Å"active pro-attitude† toward good, as well as the freedom to act toward the same (Illies, 2011, p. 108-109). This translates to the concept of moral freedom in that the ability to perform free action toward this good specifically is simply, and unarguably, inherently good. Because of this fact, one should purpose, as it is one’s duty, to promote the moral freedom of another unequivocally, regardless of whose moral freedom one is promoting or as importantly, from a DE viewpoint, what the resulting potential outcome might be. Illies does stress that it is imperative to obtain as much information as possible surrounding the facts as to why a certain peoples’ rights are being suppressed, in order to promote those rights in the most lasting and efficient manner (Illies, 2011, p. 114). When one examines human rights, the concept of personhood is of paramount importance. DE calls for the treatment of others as an end and not as a means. This requires the respect of persons for whom they are as individuals and never as conduits through which one might accomplish a goal or achieve a benefit on their own behalf. In this light, one who holds to the DE concept of human rights has at his imperative the treatment of all individuals with equal respect, and the duty to promote their freedom with an â€Å"active pro-attitude†. Why does one do this? One does because this action, an â€Å"active pro-attitude† is good and the action of good is inherently good. As opposed to the deontological account, the consequentialist believes in the prior conception of the good. If something is good then it is right to promote something good according to consequentialism (Lillehammer, 2011, p. 90). Moreover, the actions with the best end results or consequences are what are to be evaluated as good. It must be clear that good intentions are not, at all, of value to consequentialists. Further, it is important to note that in decision-making, a consequentialist must hold to the demands of impartiality. Consequentialism upholds the idea that no one person is worth more than another (Lillehammer, 2011, p. 90). As we read in â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality,† Singer asserts that suffering from lack of food, shelter and medical care are bad. If we accept this assumption, and if we can, by our actions, prevent this bad from occurring, we are morally obligated to do so unless in so doing we sacrifice something that is of â€Å"comparable moral importance† (Singer, 1972, p. 500). Not all consequentialists agree with giving to Singer’s suggested â€Å"level of marginal utility† but there is basis for supporting human rights in consequentialism. According to consequentialists, human rights should be promoted because the rightness of supporting those rights is what is best for the world. It is clear that suffering is bad, and if we can alleviate suffering by supporting human rights then we clearly should promote them. If the consequence of the action is resultant from an actor who is promulgating the purist sense of consequentialism, it very well has the potential to be counter to his own individual interest. For the consequentialist, the overall consequence of an action is of primary importance. Consequentialists view impartial importance so â€Å"the good of everyone should count for everyone, no matter their identity, location, or personal and social attachments, now or hereafter† (Lillehammer, 2011, p. 92). This view supports the notion that the human rights of those who are far away are just as deserving, and just as valid, as the rights of those who are near. Furthermore, the universe will be better off by the rightness of supporting human rights. Maximizing the good is required from the consequentialist perspective. As noted earlier, consequentialist and deontological accounts differ from one another from their foundations. While consequentialists focus on the good being promoted only as in relationship to its overall effect on humanity as a whole, deontologists view principles affecting individuals’ actions. Rules guide the deontological approach and the best consequence for most people is the consequential concern. For example, a consequentialist would look at the issue of child labor differently from the deontologist. The consequentialist would evaluate the overall outcome of allowing young children to be employed in a factory full-time, with little pay. In a poverty-stricken country, these children may bring home much needed monies in order for their families to survive. The deontologist would view child labor as unethical in that children working long hours for little pay is unarguably wrong. Another illustration of their differing views is that of the U. S. drone attacks in Pakistan that killed innocent civilians. The consequentialist would say that sending those drones to kill an Al-Qaeda leader is the best outcome to thwart the attack of US citizens. The deontologist would say that the killing of innocent civilians is never justified as this violates their individual human rights. In the realm of human rights, the problem with adopting a consequentialist approach is that one cannot truly determine what is to be the proper or preferred result of a specific act on a group of peoples; even thoug h, with all good intentions, it may be supposed. Although a good and moral outcome may be realized from an action, to base that action solely on the intended consequence of that action, rather than the inherent goodness of the action, one does not insure that the action will result in result in, truly, what is best. Moreover, when the best possible outcome is the preferred result then individuals’ rights can be violated. The deontological account offers worldwide moral support of (individual) human rights. That is what human rights require. As asserted by Robert Paul Churchill, â€Å"The grounds for human rights remain the same as long as human beings, or moral person exist. The inherent worth of humans does not cease to justify certain forms of respect due to them, and thus human rights do not cease, even when addresses are genuinely unable to fulfill correlative obligations and therefore have legitimate excuses† (Churchill, 2011, p. 12). Choosing an action because it is right and good, without looking downstream at the resultant consequences of that action, allows one to make decisions on the duty to act based on purely the rightness and goodness of that act, and nothing more. Now, this assumes that those making these decisions possess the proper moral compass to know a right act from a wrong one. In support of the deontological approach, I maintain that one will â€Å"get it right† when they choose an action because the action is right, more so, than when they try to determine what the consequence might be from that action and work backwards in order to make the â€Å"right† decision. References Churchill, R. P. (2011). Global human rights. In M. Boylan (Ed.), The Morality and Global Justice Reader (7-25). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Illies, C. (2011). How to think about global duties. In M. Boylan (Ed.), The Morality and Global Justice Reader (103-126). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Lillehammer, H. (2011). Consequentialism and global ethics. In M. Boylan (Ed.), The Morality and Global Justice Reader (89-102). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Singer, P. (1972). Famine, affluence, and morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1(1), 229-243.

Challenges of Living in a Mega City

Describe the challenges of living in mega cities and evaluate the responses to these challenges A Mega City is defined as a city home to more than 8 million people, the urban sprawl of these cities is continuing to dominate the landscapes of these major cities. These cities have been unable to cope with the rapid increase of people moving to these urban areas, in some mega cities this is up to 1 million people per day, leading to a lack of supplies and services, becoming a major characteristic of these cities. The challenges that they face include the lack of water, power supply, sanitation, transport and employment.The responses to these problems from the governments vary in the successfulness and based on the sustainability of social, economical, political and environmental; we can see the downfall and the accomplishment of some solutions the governments have implemented. Transport is one of the main challenges of mega cities where traffic jams take up as much as 4 working hours si tting in traffic causing major problems for businesses and these cities economies. Lack of water within these mega cities is another problem which affects a vast amount of people.The third challenge is housing within these mega cities. Transport is a major challenge for people who live in these mega cities. The lack of efficient public transport and the growing number of personal cars on the roads cause major traffic jams which hold people up for hours trying to get to and from work. There are many issues associated with the problem of transport, including growing health concerns for people dwelling in the cities. Loss of working hours has become a consequence because of the overwhelming time spent sitting in traffic jams.Bangkok sees traffic jams which cause a loss of 2 working hours every day leading to financial loss. This issue of transport continues to grow due to the lack of maintenance on the roads, lack of space allocated to roads, poor modes of public transport and the lack of financial resources that the government has to provide infrastructure for improvement of these roads. There have been many different attempts in mega cities to improve their infrastructure and transport modes, some have been more successful than others, depending on their sustainability.The Metrobus, created in Mexico City by a non government organisation called CEIBA, partnered with the Mexico City government, this system was developed to provide a more efficient and safer public transport. The development of the MetroBus allows the bus to run from North to South Mexico City in a separate lane to other traffic, with its own stations for people to get on and off at various stops this method of public transport has been seen as a great success, now moving 450 000 passengers per day, replacing 300 micro busses which were highly polluting.The use of the MetroBus has resulted in $306,000 for reduction in carbon emissions by the Spanish carbon fund, boosting the economy for Mexico Ci ty, having taken 144 tonnes of hydrocarbons associated with cancer and other health problems out of the atmosphere, and 2. 8 tonnes of bio-particulate matter know to cause asthmas, chronic bronchitis and lung disease. The environmental factors of the Metro bus prove the success of this infrastructure.The new employment opportunities that the MetroBus has created and the shift of 6% from private to public use of transport, providing a clean, safe and comfortable way to use public transport, proving a social benefit to this project. The increase in international recongnition due to the increasing sustainability and the increase in political stability due to the boost in trust and investment in infrastructure has proven the political success of the MetroBus. Mexico City has implemented a successful and sustainable method of transport which has proven to be a good response to the challenge of transport that mega cities all face.The second challenge that mega cities face with their growi ng population is housing within these cities. With the rapid increase of people coming into these cities everyday, it is impossible to keep track of the housing and provide people with land ownership. This problem extenuates the gap being made between the people who have and the people who don’t. The continued expanse of the slums being built around these cities creates the informal economy and account for mass amounts of the population. For example, 50% of the population in Mexico City lives in these conditions.This form of housing leads to lack of tenure and a lack of utilities available for these people to use, including basic needs such as food and water, rubbish collection, provision of sewerage and the lack of services and utilities. These houses have unsafe infrastructure as the building materials used are all makeshift and unstable, making their living environments hazardous. This challenge exists in mega cities because of the rapidly increasing population, the govern ment cannot provide for these people and cannot maintain housing standards.A response to this housing challenge in mega cities was the Dharavi redevelopment. Dharavi is India’s largest slum, located in the middle of India’s financial capital Mumbai. This slum covers an area of only 2 km2 yet is home to up to a million people with 86, 000 slum structures. The housing in this slum is cheap and affordable and it is estimated that it generates $650 million a year. The challenges within this slum are the extreme overcrowding and uncontrolled construction of makeshift housing.As well as the lack of basic amenities, there is no clean water supply, no waste collection, spread of disease is very high and with the constant threat of eviction by authorities, this slum has become a major challenge in this mega city. The slum redevelopment project has divided Dharavi into 5 sectors and requested proposals from real estate investors around the world to provide a 300 sqf flat to each family that can prove they have been settled in Dharavi before the year 2000, in exchange for their re housing, the builders get construction rights in Dharavi.The Dharavi project has not yet been completed although there are social, economical and environmental factors that can be seen in an evaluation of its sustainability and success. The Dharavi project creates social problems for the families who will be displaced, having failed to prove their residence before 2000, this deadline will make many people homeless, and with no place to go, sending thousands of people out of the city.Although this development will make Dharavi a safer place to be, building stable structures and developing better access to water and food supplies as well as developing a sewerage system and rubbish disposal. This will stop the vast spreading of disease through the slum, creating a healthier and safer living environment. The economy would suffer from their redevelopment of the Dharavi slum as they bri ng in millions of dollars to the economy, the loss of this would be detrimental to the cities economy.There would be few political benefits to this development as there would be a loss in trust of the government, after displacing so many people. The response to this housing challenge in Dharavi can be seen as both successful and unsuccessful, due to the many positives and negatives of this project. In conclusion, we can see that mega cities face many challenges which affect their economy, politics, culture and environment. The governments are implementing many strategies and projects which they hope will solve the challenges that their cities face.The challenge of housing and transport are both big challenges which impact enormously on the mega cities. As 3 million person working hours are lost per day, due to the constant transport battle and the extreme over crowing of the slum housing, we can see that there are major challenges that these cities face, although some strategies imp lemented for these challenges have been dubbed unsuccessful, there are a few which have proved to be doing well for example, the MetroBus in Mexico City. There are many challenges being faced in Megacities.